Recently a news about minor boy's pregnancy was circulated... Have a look...

Following post is directly copied from google.
"It is very surprising and unbelievable news that a 6-year-old boy was pregnant, the doctor has removed the undeveloped fetus from his stomach.
This phenomenal incident is from Varanasi.
Ramesh's father, a resident of Gadwa in Jharkhand, said that for the last few days, there was a lot of pain in the baby's stomach and for quite some time he did not eat anything properly and was becoming more weak
Firstly, he was treated at the BHU,, he did not get any relief, he was shown in a private hospital. In the initial investigation, the doctors told him to be tumor in the stomach and said to do the operation to remove the knot. But when the operation started, the doctors got shocked, that thing which looked like a knot was an undeveloped fetus which was removed after 2 hours of operation. This is the first case of such a small child being pregnant.
Doctors believe that this is the case with any one of the children in 5 lakh children and this is possible. It is called Turo Thieri, in which two mothers have fetuses in a mother's womb, but develops only one, and that undeveloped fetus goes into the child's stomach. And slowly starts to grow. Doctors told that this is such a case in India, even before 9 such cases have been reported.
After listening to the fetus's hearing in the baby's womb, the senses of the family got swept away and they were not convinced, but after understanding the whole cats, the families were satisfied. Doctors told that the child was becoming weak because of this, but now everything is fine."

Shared article on "Article 35-A"

I would like to share an articke on article 35-A.
What is Article 35A? http://tz.ucweb.com/10_320di

RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL INCIDENT

RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL INCIDENT
The heart rending incident that took place in Ryan International school Gurugram, is talk of the town now a days. Although what exactly happened inside the washroom, why and how Pradyuman Thakur a seven year old boy was murdered  is still in veils. What media tries to say and how school authorities try to hush the incident is confusing. Soon after the incident Mr. Ashok Kumar main accused confesses the crime,  and on the next day Kishor's family repudiated the earlier confession and says that the accused was forced to confess. Police examined the CCTV footage and found many clues. CCTV footage reveals that Bus conductor Ashok Kumar arrives at 7:40am in morning and soon after arriving school he goes to the bathroom which is common for staff members as well as students.After Kishor's arrival Pradyuman enters the main gate accompanied by his sister. Pradyuman goes to bathroom at about 7:55am, where kishor was already present.  At 8: 05 am Ashok Kumar comes out of the washroom. It is worth mentioning here that Ashok Kumar has not been found rushing or running out of the bathroom in frustrated condition which indicates that Ashok Kumar probably was not nervous. Seconds after kishor comes out ,injured Pradyuman is seen crawling out of the bathroom holding his bleeding throat. The school gardener  spots the Pradyuman, rushes to the spot and calls for help. Teachers rush to the spot, meanwhile Ashok Kumar comes to the spot the second time. Now kishor takes pradyuman's body to a car, in which  Pradyuman is taken to hospital.
            There are many questions those are still unanswered , or falsely answered. Not only the media but common people pose questions on this issue. For instance, one of the main questions is that why Mr. Kishor's shirt was not blood stained when he came out of the bathroom? If he killed the child, he should have been seen with  blood stains on his clothes. Another question is that How could he manage to escape from the spot and come again as he had done nothing, if he is the killer. Had he escaped from the window and reached the spot again to mislead the authorities as stated by some TV anchors ? If it is so, why wasn't he nervous or frustrated at the time he came to the spot again. Even a professional killer can not hide his choas and frustration soon after murder. But in the said case nothing like that was noticed as per the electronic media. Another story that media reveals is that Ashok Kumar probably had changed the shirt and came again to the spot wearing new shirt so as to mislead the people. The question is, " why should kishor have a reserve shirt with him in advance?"
A knife recovered from the spot was kishor's personal knife as per his confession video. Now why should kishor or anybody else take the knife to the washroom? Had he already planned the murder? Was he a professional murderer? No, as per the accused and as per police reports, it was a sudden and unprepared murder.
Media assumption and confession of the accused reveals  that kishor killed Pradyuman and fled through the window, changed his clothes, and came again to the spot that also without any nervousness. It seems that Ashok Kumar is a contract killer or a professional murderer, because only a contract killer or a professional murderer can have such courage and time planning. What does the media want to say? They say Ashok Kumar killed Pradyuman because of sudden and unexpected encounter. On the other hand they present Ashok Kumar as a Professional murderer.
Is Ashok kumar the murderer or innocent, its still to be cleared. Case has been taken over to CBI, hopefully new clues are expected and truth will be unveiled. But  CBSE also issued a "Show cause notice" in which short comings were found out. The school has been found guilty in neglecting some basic principles.
Toilet window is not grilled due to which anybody can enter through the window. So its possible that anybody other than Ashok may have entered the bathroom through window and killed Pradyuman. It again reduces the credibility of CCTV footage.
Another negligence that school has been found guilty in, is that there is no assistant  deputed to stay outside the washrooms who could help the kids to tackle the different situations that they may face while going to or coming out of bathroom.
Separate bathrooms have not been built for transport staff which could help in reducing the interaction between children and transport staff.
School premises are not properly sealed to heck the entry of any outdoor so anybody anytime can enter the school premises.
Close to the school premises there is a vine shop which is a clear violation of laws. Who has given the license to that vine shop is still a question.
Its the need of the hour that schools and colleges should follow all security measures. In fact these institutions should necessarily be digitalised Authorities also have to inspect the schools on regular basis so as to find the loopholes and to reduce the risk of accidents. Moreover teaching and non teaching staff of every institution should be vigilant enough to reduce the chances of accidents and crimes.
Mudassir Hassan Mirchal
Hardushiva Zaingeer Kashmir
9906607520

A word of thanks to my Teachers

I have been taught by a good number of teachers, I remember each and every one of them. Be it my kindergarten days in #Green_Land_English_Medium_School Hardushiva where Aziz sir, Maqbool sir, Mansoor sir used to teach us or #Degree_College  sopore where Shameem sir(Zoology), Rafeeq sir(Zoology), Altaf sir(Chemistry), S.M.Bukhari Sir(English), Mushtaq sir(Chemistry), Ayoub sir(Botany) and Tariq Sir(Botany) used to guide, and teach us. I cant forget the days when I would prefer to spend more time in my mama ji's(M.Abdullah shah sb's) class,nor can I forget the day Ms. Poosha ma'am (Zoology) gave me her daughter's Biology reference and advised me to prepare for the exams from same. Posha ma'am and other staff members (like Ahanger sir(Zoology) , N.A. dand sir(Principal , Haji M.Ashraf sir, G.M.Pandith Sir-Botany) of #Govt_Higher_Secondary_School_Dangerpora treated me as their own kid......
I also remember one of my great Maths teachers Late M.Yousuf paul sir who taught us in such a great way that in my 9th and 10th class Maths became my favourite subject.
Each and every teacher I met in my life were complete teachers. I cant just mention all the names but I really remember each one of them.

Here I must add that one of my teachers is still guiding me and teaching me as he is not only my mentor and teacher but is one of my uncles....Mr. M. Lateef Mirchal....

#Thanks_To_All_My_Great_Anthusiastic_Energetic_and_Brilliant_Teachers...

#Happy_Teachers_Day

Cancer..... a new mystry....

I recently found a facebook post, uploaded by someone "Ray Napier". Its about Cancer so I would like to paste ot here for our visitors.
"The word called cancer is a lie…You might not believe this but cancer is not a disease; it is a business.Cancer consists of only a deficiency of vitamin B17. It is nothing else.Cancer has become widespread; it has affected the old, young, baby and everyone.Sharing this wonderful post will expose many of the hidden hands of the world’s manipulators and annoy them.
Do you know that the book “World Without Cancer” has up till now been prevented from being translated into many world languages?
Know this: there is no disease called cancer. Cancer consists of only a deficiency of vitamin B17. It is nothing else.
Avoid chemotherapy, surgery and or taking medicines with strong side effects.
You would recall that in the past, quite a large number of seamen lost their life to a named disease (scurvy); a disease that took the life of numerous people as well. And a number of people got an enormous income from it. Afterwards, it was discovered that scurvy was just a deficiency of vitamin C. That means it wasn’t a disease (illness).

Cancer is also just like that! The colonizing world and the enemies of humanity established the cancer industry and made it into a business. from which they earn billions in income.

The cancer industry flourished after world war II. To fight cancer, all these delays, details and enormous expenditures are not needed. They only go to line the pockets of colonizers, especially since the cure for the condition was found long ago.

The prevention and cure of cancer will be obtained simply through the following strategies:

Those who have cancer should first try to know what cancer is. Do not panic! You should investigate the condition.

Nowadays does anyone die of an illness called scurvy? No. Because it gets cured.

Since cancer is only a deficiency of vitamin B17, eating 15 to 20 pieces of apricot stone/nucleus (fruit stone) everyday is enough.

Eat wheat bud (wheat sprouts). Wheat bud is a miraculous anti-cancer medicine. It is a rich source of liquid oxygen and the strongest anti-cancer matter named laetrile. This matter is present in the fruit stone of apple and is the extracted form of vitamin B17 (Amygdalin).

The American medicinal industry has started implementing the law forbidding laetrile production. This medicine is being manufactured in Mexico and gets smuggled into USA.

Dr. Harold W. Manner, in a book named “Death of Cancer” has stated that the success of cancer treatment with laetrile is as high as above 90%.

Sources of Amygdalin (Vitamin B17)

The foods containing vitamin B17 include the following:

-The fruit stone or grain(seed) of fruits. This contains the highest amount of vitamin B17 in nature. This includes fruit stone of apple, apricot, peach, pear, and prune (dried plum).

-Common beans, corns(grains), which include bean, lentil sprout (lentil bud) Lima (Lima beans) and pea.

-Kernels: Bitter Almond (Richest source of vitamin B-17 in nature) and Indian almond.

-Mulberries: almost all mulberries such as black mulberry, blueberry, raspberry and strawberry.

-Seeds (Grains): sesame and linseed (seed of linen/flax seed).

-Groats of oats, barley, brown rice, groats of block wheat, linseed, millet and rye.

This vitamin is found in grains and fruit stones of apricot, brewer’s yeast, rough rice (paddy) and sweetmeat pumpkin.

List of Anti-Cancer Foods
•Apricots (kernels/seeds)
•seeds from other fruits like apples, cherries, peaches, prunes, plums, pears
•Lima beans
•Fava beans
•Wheatgrass
•Almonds
•Raspberries
•Elderberries
•Strawberries
•Blackberries
•Blueberries
•Buckwheat
•Sorghum
•Barley
•Millet
•Cashews
•Macadamia nuts
•Bean sprouts
All are the highest sources of absorbable vitamin B17.

Ingesting dish washing liquids (used in the kitchen) and hand washing liquid (used in the restroom) is the main cancer causing factor so your eating of them should be restricted.You will surely say that we do not eat them!
However, you daily wash your hands with hand washing liquid and wash your plates with dish washing liquid.The liquid is absorbed and will not leave the plate with washing. When cooking or eating food, the soap in the plate or dish gets attached to the hot food and so we end up eating the dish washing liquid with our food. Even if you rinse the plate hundreds of times, that will be of no use.

But the solution is to pour half of the dishwashing liquid and hand washing liquid and top it up with vinegar.
It is as simple as that.Do not eat blood cancer causing agents and also save your family from this danger.Similarly, seriously desist from washing vegetables with even a few drops of dishwashing liquid because irrespective of how much you would rinse them, the chemicals would have already entered the tissues of the vegetable and will not get rinsed away.Instead, soak fruits and vegetables with salt and then rinse with water. And to keep them fresh, add vinegar."

Oral Cancer & its Prevention

I would like to quote an article of "greater kashmir" health page regarding oral cancer published yesterday on 21st June 2017.
Dr. Owais Gowhar:
"Notwithstanding tremendous advancement in scientific/medical research in present day world, cancer stares in our eyes as one of the most predominant causes of morbidity and mortality, thus are we confronted with it as a formidable challenge in our endeavor to ushering in a disease-free era, wholesomely.
It is estimated that around 43% of cancer deaths are due to tobacco use, unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption, stress, inactive/injurious lifestyles and infection at large. Oral cancer takes bigger chunk of the global burden of cancer. Tobacco and alcohol stand as the major risk factors for oral cancer. Studies bear testimony to the fact that heavy intake of alcoholic beverages is associated with nutrient deficiency, which appears to majorly contribute to oral carcinogenesis. Oral cancer is preventable through risk factors intervention. Prevention of HIV infection will also reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS-related cancers such as Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma.

Oral, or mouth cancer most commonly involves the tongue. It may also occur on the floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gingiva (gums), lips, palate (roof of the mouth), maxilla or mandible.
The precancerous conditions (Oral submucous fibrosis, Oral lichen planus) and the precancerous lesions (Leukoplakia,Erythroplakia, Palatal changes amongst reverse smokers) provide an opportunity for early detection and  thus help prevent the malignant changes that may occur in them and thus end up in oral cancer. If diagnosed in the early phase, stopping the tobacco habit can reverse the condition. Thus, if appropriate measures for early detection with good public education are carried out, nipping the nuisance in the bud would be possible to a great extent.
Despite the fact that oral cancer and its consequences can be totally prevented, treated and controlled, there exists a significant dearth and complacence in the public's knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Various preventive measures that can drastically reduce the oral cancer burden, contribute to minimising the effective gap between research/development and the public awareness.
It is indispensably required that we  get knowledge disseminated in a way that will help people adopt desired behavior patterns, which in turn will improve their health and of those associated with them, and also help them make appropriate decisions. A strong and sound system of communication, which utilizes all the measures and methods for timely knowledge and information sharing, needs to be set-up throughout the populace, and more focally in the far- fetched /out-of-reach areas where it is most needed due to prevalent ignorance and lack of awareness. Communication efforts have to be so planned as to ensure that target audiences, which include health care providers, consumers, the research community, and other groups such as educators, policymakers, industry, and the media; all  become informed, change behavior, and make decisions that will improve clinical care and health outcomes to meet the set goals.
The community intervention should mainly focus on protecting youth from tobacco, maintaining smoke free public places and promoting health literacy on tobacco related issues. Imparting health education through mass media, schools and community based education programs is most imperative step to increase the knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco among the masses.
Also there needs to be strict legislation against smoking, by the Central as well as the state governments so that those who do not abide by the law incur heavy punishment. Smoking advertisements should be banned fully and strong anti-smoking campaigns should be launched. More awareness needs to be created amongst the public about smoking hazards and it  should be strictly forbidden in all public places with the stricture that  those found guilty of disobeying the law are fined.
Above all, the dental professionals should practice opportunistic oral cancer screening which is of great significance. Opportunistic screening is less systematic but very much cost-effective than population screening. If an opportunistic screening strategy is to be successful, all dentists should carry out the necessary soft tissue examination alongside hard tissue examinations. Screening for oral cancer and pre cancer should become a part of the routine examination and every dental surgeon must be aware of the most rapid and adequate referral pathway for the effective management of these lesions.
Oral health professionals can work at three levels for prevention of oral cancers; Primary, Secondary and tertiary level of Prevention. Primary prevention aims to change behaviors known to be related with oral cancer. Dental practices with staff trained to advise proactively against tobacco, alcohol and other substance abuse could make a real impact on oral cancer incidence. At Secondary level; oral health professionals need to identify the malignant or potentially malignant lesions at early stages through screening. The earlier lesions are found, the greater the chance of recovery and a better quality of life and function. In Tertiary prevention, dentists need to work as part of an oral cancer management team to prevent recurrence and further primary cancers in patients already treated for oral cancer.
In a nutshell, the goal of oral cancer prevention can be achieved only if all the individuals in the society be it the oral health professionals, general health professionals, patients, government (State/central), policy makers; all recognize their roles and participate in the oral health promotion strategies at individual as well as community levels to reduce this lethal disease burden."

Tea consumption cause epigenetic changes in women

Tea consumption cause epigenetic changes......story on sciencedaily.com 31/May/2017
" Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications that turn our genes off or on. In a new study from Uppsala University, researchers show that tea consumption in women leads to epigenetic changes in genes that are known to interact with cancer and estrogen metabolism. The results are published in the journal Human Molecular Genetics.
It is well known that our environment and lifestyle factors, such as food choices, smoking and exposure to chemicals, can lead to epigenetic changes. In the current study, researchers from Uppsala University in collaboration with research groups around Europe, investigated if coffee and tea consumption may lead to epigenetic changes. Previous studies have suggested that both coffee and tea play an important role in modulating disease-risk in humans by suppressing tumour progression, decreasing inflammation and influencing estrogen metabolism, mechanisms that may be mediated by epigenetic changes.

The results show that there are epigenetic changes in women consuming tea, but not in men. Interestingly, many of these epigenetic changes were found in genes involved in cancer and estrogen metabolism. "Previous studies have shown that tea consumption reduces estrogen levels which highlights a potential difference between the biological response to tea in men and women. Women also drink higher amounts of tea compared to men, which increases our power to find association in women," says Weronica Ek, researcher at the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, who led the study. The study did not find any epigenetic changes in individuals drinking coffee.

Results from this study highlight the role of pharmacologically active components in tea being involved in cancer and estrogen metabolism, which can reflect that health effects related to tea consumption might be due to epigenetic changes. However, this study does not show if it is healthy or not to drink tea and further research is needed to understand how epigenetic changes found in this study affects our health. It has previously been demonstrated that tea catechins lead to epigenetic changes in vitro and in cultured cancer cells, arguing that some of the health effects of tea may be mediated by epigenetics.

Story Source:

Materials provided by Uppsala Universitet. Note: Content may be edited for style and length."

"Solibacillus kalamii" a new organism discovered and named after A.P.J. Kalam by NASA

Recently it was announced that a new organism has been discovered by NASA in international space station and was named after A. P. J Abdul kalam as Solibacillus kalamii. I would like to quote the article directly published in "The Hindu" online edition.

"Solibacillus kalamii has been found only on the International Space Station and not on Earth.

In great news for India, scientists at NASA have named a new organism discovered by them after the much-loved A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.

Till date, the new organism — a form of bacteria — has been found only on the International Space Station (ISS) and has not been found on earth!

Researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the foremost lab of NASA for work on interplanetary travel, discovered the new bacteria on the filters of the International Space Station (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late President, who was a renowned aerospace scientist.

His tryst with NASA

Dr. Kalam had his early training at NASA in 1963 before he set up India’s first rocket-launching facility in the fishing village of Thumba in Kerala.

“The name of the bacterium is Solibacillus kalamii, the species name is after Dr. Abdul Kalam and genus name is Solibacillus which is a spore-forming bacteria,” said Dr. Kasthuri Venkateswaran, senior research scientist, Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group at JPL.

The filter on which the new bug was found remained on board the ISS for 40 months. Called a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter or HEPA filter, this part is the routine housekeeping and cleaning system on board the international space station.

This filter was later analysed at JPL and only this year did Dr. Venkateswaran publish his discovery in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.

Astronauts share space with them

According to Dr. Venkateswaran, even as it orbits the earth some 400 kilometres above, the ISS is home to many types of bacteria and fungi which co-inhabit the station with the astronauts who live and work on the station.

Dr. Venkateswaran said even though Solibacillus kalamii has never been found on earth till date, it is really not an extra-terrestrial life form or ET.

“I am reasonably sure it has hitch-hiked to the space station on board some cargo and then survived the hostile conditions of space,” he explained.

Naming the new microbe after Dr. Kalam was natural to Dr. Venkateswaran and his team. “Being a fellow Tamilian, I am aware of the huge contributions by Dr. Kalam,” he said.

New bacteria are usually named after famous scientists.

Is anybody out there?

Dr. Venkateswaran is part of a team which is asking that eternal question: “Are we alone in the universe?”

Towards that, his responsibilities include monitoring the bug levels on the ISS and he also has to ensure that all spacecraft that fly to other planets are free of terrestrial bugs.

One of his big jobs was to ensure that NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover — the massive car-sized almost 1000 kg buggy — was totally sterile when it left earth.

By international law, this extreme hygiene is required or else other planets could get contaminated by bugs hidden on human satellites.

Today the ISS is the size of a football field and its construction started with a launch in 1998 and as of now it is the largest human-made object orbiting the earth.

Weighing about 419 tonnes, it can house a maximum of six astronauts and has costs roughly USD 150 billion.

With numbers, hygiene is crucial

Till date, 227 astronauts have flown to the space station. This makes the space station actually a very dirty place and maintaining hygiene is critical so that humans can live on it with ease.

On the space station all the air and water is recycled, being a completely closed environment there is a rapid build-up of moulds and bacteria on the station.

These not only have to be cleaned but monitored to ensure that they do not corrode the walls of the space station and do not turn hazardous to the astronauts.

Dr. Venkateswaran’s main job is to monitor the environment of the space station so that harmful bugs do not proliferate.

He heads the ‘Microbial Observatory’ on the ISS projects to measure microorganisms associated with compartments owned by the U.S.

According to NASA, he also directs several research and development tasks for the JPL — Mars Program Office, which enables the cleaning, sterilisation, and validation of spacecraft components. He directs several NASA competitive awards on the microbial monitoring of spacecraft and associated environments for the Exploration System Mission Directorate, closed habitats like ISS or its earth analogues for the Human Exploration and Operation Mission Directorate.

‘Useful bugs’

But is the new bug of some use?

“These spore formers tend to withstand high radiation and also produce some useful compounds protein-wise which will be helpful for biotechnology applications,” Dr. Venkateswaran said.

His team has not characterised the bacteria fully but he hints that the new bug could be a key source for chemicals that can help protect against radiation damage."

A word of thanks to my angelic friends!!

  بلند حوصلے۔۔۔۔۔۔ قائدانہ سوچ
ان ننھے قائدوں کو میرا سلام ۔۔۔۔۔
(مدثر حسن مرچال)
بچوں کے چہرے پر اداسی اور پریشانی صاف طور پہ جھلک رہی تھی۔  وہ خاموش تھے لیکن ان کی خاموشی اپنے آپ میں بہت کچھ کہہ رہی تھی۔  ابھی حالات کچھ زیادہ خراب نہیں تھے۔ لہذا میں نے بچوں کی اس پریشانی اور ان کے اس ڈر کو اندیکھا کرتےہوئے اپنا لیکچر شروع کر دیا۔ ابھی لیکچر شروع ہی ہوا تھا کہ اچانک باہر سے دوبارہ ایک زبردست شور سنائی دیا۔ یہ شور نعرے بازی، اور چیخ و پکار کا تھا۔ حالانکہ نعرے بازی اور دھرنا کا سلسلہ قریبا ایک گھنٹے سے جاری تھا لیکن اس بار اس میں شدت آنے لگی۔ میں کھڑکی سے باہر کا وہ نظارہ دیکھنے کی کوشش کرنے لگا۔ باہر کا نظارہ کسی بھی انسان کو خوف زدہ کر دینے والا تھا۔  لہذا بچوں کا خوفزدہ ہو جانا لازم بات ہے۔ اسکول کے صدر دروازے پر ماحول نہایت تناو بھرا تھا۔ میں نے مڈ کر کلاس میں موجود بچوں کی طرف دیکھا تو ان کی آنکھیں پرنم تھیں۔ وہ حواس باختہ اور ڈرے ہوئے تھے۔  ان کا ڈر اس قدر بڑھ گیا تھا کہ وہ اب اپنی نشستوں پر بھی نہیں تھے۔ وہ سہمے ہوئے تھے۔  اس سے پہلے کہ میں کچھ کہہ پاتا چند بچے رونے لگے۔ اگرچہ سبھی بچے پریشان اور الجھے ہوئے تھے  لیکن اکثر بچوں نے اپنے آنسوںوں پر اور اپنے ڈر پہ قابو پانے کی ایک نامکمل سی کوشش کی۔ یہ ڈر لازم بھی تھا کیوںکہ صدر دروازے پہ جس انداز سے دھرنے پر بیٹھے لوگ غم و غصے کا اظہار کر رہے تھے  چند ہی لمحوں میں ان کا ادارے میں داخل ہونا ممکن تھا۔ اور اسکول کے اندر کا ماحول بھی بگڑھ سکتا تھا۔  در اصل یہ احتجاج قصبے میں قائم کئی تعلیمی اداروں سے وابستہ طلباء کا تھا جو حکومت کی طرف سے ہونے والے تشدد اور زیادتیوں کے خلاف صدائے آواز بلند کر رہے تھے اور مطالبہ کر رہے تھے کہ ان کے گرفتار شدہ ہم جماعتیوں اور دوستوں کو رہا کیا جائے۔ ظاہر سی بات ہے کہ وہ احتجاجی طلباء چاہتے تھے کہ ہمارے ادارے سے بھی بچے نکل کر ان کے ساتھ شامل ہو جائیں۔ اب اسکول کی انتظامیہ نے جب بچوں کے تحفظ کا اور والدین کے بھروسے کا لحاظ کرتے ہوئے معزری ظاہر کی تو احتجاجی طلباء تیش میں آئے۔ ادارے کی انتظامیہ حق بہ جانب قدم اٹھا رہی تھی لیکن دوسری طرف احتجاجی طلباء کے مطالبے کو بھی غلط نہیں مانا جاسکتا تھا۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ وہ احتجاجی طلبہ اسکول گیٹ پر احتجاج کے طور دھرنے پہ بیٹھے تھے اور بیچ بیچ میں ادارے میں داخل ہونے کی کوشش بھی کر رہے تھے۔ اسی بیچ جب نیم فوجی دستے کی گاڈیاں جو پہلے سے ہی احتجاجیوں کے تعاقب میں تھی ان کی طرف بڑھنے لگیں تو پتھراو کی شروعات ہوئی۔  اس سے ڈر اور خوف میں اظافہ ہوا۔ بلکہ اسکول کے چند شیشے بھی چکنا چور ہوئے۔  
بہر کیف بچوں کے اس ڈر کو کیسے دور کیا جائے اس کے لئے مجھ سے جو بن پایا میں کرنے کی کوشش کر رہا تھا۔ لگ بھگ سبھی اساتذہ اپنی اپنی کلاسوں میں اسی طرح کی  پریشانیوں سے جوجھ رہے تھے۔  میں نے اول تو بچوں کو خوب دلاسہ دینے کی کوشش کی۔ انہیں یہ باور کرانے کی کوشش کی کہ سب کچھ ٹھیک ٹھاک ہے لیکن سب بے کار۔ اس کا تو یوں اثر ہوا کہ بچے اور زیادہ زور زور سے رونے لگے۔ اب بچوں کو ڈانٹنا بھی غلط تھا۔ لہذا میں لگ بھگ ناکام ہوا۔ اتنے میں ایک معصوم سی بچی جو کہ اکثر مجھ سے اچھے خاصے سوالات پوچھا کرتی تھی  کہنے لگیں کہ  وہ کلاس  کی باقی بچیوں کو دلاسہ دینے اور انہیں اس ڈر سے باہر نکالنے کے لئے میری مدد کرنا چاہتی ہیں۔  میں اول تو حیران ہوا لیکن پھر جلد ہی اس نتیجے پہ پہنچا کہ میرے پاس اس کے سوا کوئی چارہ بھی نہیں۔ بچیوں کو کسی طرح اس ڈر سے نکالنا تھا اس لئے میں نے اس بچی کی اس پیشکش کو منظور کر لیا۔ یہ شاید پہلی بار تھا کہ میں کسی بچے سے مدد لے رہا تھا۔ بہر کیف جانے ان جانے میں شاید میں نے بر وقت ایک صحیح قدم اٹھایا۔ یا یوں کہیں کہ اس بچی نے عین وقت ایک بہترین پیشکش کی۔  وہ لڑکی جب کلاس میں سب کے سامنے کھڑی ہوئی تو مجھے یوں لگا جیسے وہ ایک تجربہ یافتہ استاد ہو۔ اس نے بچیوں کو کچھ پہیلیاں پوچھ پوچھ کے ذہنی طور مصروف رکھنے کی کوشش کی۔ اس سے ہوا یہ کہ باقی بچیوں نے جب اپنے ہی اندر کی ایک اپنی جیسی لڑکی کو ہمت کے ساتھ بات کرتے ہوئے دیکھا تو ان کہ بھی ہمت بڑھنے لگی۔
اس لڑکی نے اس کے بعد اپنی کلاس میٹس سے چند دلچسپ سوال پوچھے ، جیسے کس استاد میں کون سی خوبی ہے؟ اس اسکول میں کیا کیا اچھا ہے؟ اور آپ کو باقی اسکولوں میں اور اپنے اسکول میں کیا فرق محسوس ہوتا ہے؟وغیرہ وغیرہ۔
یہ سوالات بھلے ہی بچگانہ تھے لیکن اس لڑکی کی اس ہمت نے ہی باقی بچوں کی ہمت بڑھانے میں مدد کی۔ میں اگرچہ لگاتار باہر کا نظارہ دیکھ رہا تھا اور باقی اساتذہ و دیگر ذمہ داران  کے ساتھ رابطے میں تھا لیکن مجھ سے بھی زیادہ ہمت اس بہادر اور نڈر اسٹوڈنٹ نے دکھائی۔   اس کے بعد جب اسے لگا کہ اب سوالات اور جوابات سے  بچوں کا وہ ڈر تھوڈا کم ہوا تو اس نے الیکٹرانک بورڈ پہ کچھ دلچسپ ویڈیوز چلا کر بچوں کا دھیان مزید بھٹکانے کی حکمت عملی کی۔  یہ سلسلہ تب تک جاری رہا جب تک حالات پھر سے ٹھیک نہ ہوئے۔
بالآخر میں نے جس انداز سے ان بچیوں کو ان خطرناک حالات سے ایک تجربہ کار انسان کی طرح نمٹتے دیکھا میں بہت ہی متاثر ہوا۔ اللہ تعلی انہیں ہمیشہ خوش رکھے۔ یوں تو ایک استاد کو ہر دن ایک نئی چیز سیکھنے کو ملتی ہے لیکن جو آج میں نے دیکھا شاید آج تک میں نے کبھی کسی بچے میں وہ ہمت وہ حوصلہ اور وہ تجربہ نہیں دیکھا تھا۔ 

Artificial womb for LAMBS

Hello friends! I just read a news from online edition of "Indian Express" about a research. According to the said news scientists have created an artificial womb for lambs which would be beneficial in case of Premature birth.
I would like to copy the news content directly to share it with my viewers.
"In a bizarre turn of events, scientists have come up with an artificial womb resembling a plastic bag which can help keep premature lambs alive for four weeks outside of their own mothers’ wombs and could one day be applied to premature babies.
The sealed bag which is made of polythene, mimics the environment of a natural womb. Containing amniotic fluid, it provides all the nutrients and protection needed for growth and also acts as a proper interface delivering oxygen just as an umbilical cord would, and exchanging gases just like a placenta would.

According to CNN, Dr Alan Flake who led the research and a fetal surgeon and director of the Center for Fetal Research in the Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia said, “We’ve developed a system that, as closely as possible, reproduces the environment of the womb and replaces the function of the placenta. This, in theory, should allow support of premature infants.”
The group of scientists worked with five premature lambs aged 105 to 111 days, as they are developmentally similar to a human fetus at 23 weeks and also also experimented with three lambs that were slightly more mature, age 115 to 120 days.
After the experiment, the team at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia is now planning to refine the system by downsizing it for human infants and developing the ideal amniotic fluid for human use. This move is to meet the unmet needs of extreme prematurity but it will take time."

A word of thanks to S.R.M. WELKIN Higher secondary School Sopore

AMAZING WORKSHOP:
S.R.M Welkin today held a workshop for teachers in collaboration with a leading company "Ratna Sagar" at the M.P Hall situated in Welkin Campus. When we were informed yesterday about the workshop I was excited a bit as a new thing was going to be added in my experiences.
The programme started today morning at 10:00 am. The topic on which the orator Mr. Surya sir  focussed was " The culture of accountability". Many videos were displayed. Questions and quiries were answered. In addition to that the teachers who raised the question were honoured with the "Batch Of Honour". I fortunately got one. For me it was a new exercise and I was for first time being honoured for asking a question. It is perhaps the best way to stimulate somebody to get involved in the process, that also in the poaitive way.
Later some games and activities were also held  and the participants got the "Batch of Honour.
Powerpoint presentation was very much informative and upto the mark. I would like to congratulate the concerned authorities eapecially Honourable Chairman Sir, Worthy Vice chairperson ma'am, Respected Principal Sir and other dignatories for organising such a great workshop.

My video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g0V1LnMcUI

Pig-Human Embryo

Dear visitors! We had been in a discussion since too long that there was a mythical creature chimeras present which was a Lion-Goat-Serpent Monster. According to the BBC news scientists have tried to develop an embryo with the cells of more than one species. It is necessary to note here that fertilization can never occur between the gametes of two different species so scientists injected the stem cells of human into the pig embryo. For more information I would like to copy the article of "James Galleger" from BBC website.
[It is the first proof chimeras - named after the mythical lion-goat-serpent monster - can be made by combining material from humans and animals.
However, the scientific report in the journal Cell shows the process is challenging and the aim of growing human organs in animals is distant.
It was described as an "exciting publication" by other researchers.
To create a chimera, human stem cells - the type that can develop into any tissue - are injected into a pig embryo.
Image caption
The spherical pig embryo is held in place while a tiny needle is used to inject human cells
The embryo - now a mix of human and pig - is then implanted into a sow for up to one month.
The process appears very inefficient - of the 2,075 embryos implanted only 186 continued to develop up to the 28-day stage.
But crucially there were signs that human cells were functioning - albeit as a tiny fraction of the total tissue - as part of a human-pig chimera.
"This is the first time that human cells are seen growing inside a large animal," Prof Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, from the Salk Institute, told the BBC News website.
Image caption
Human cells, coloured green, were found in the four-week-old embryo
Commenting on the inefficiency, Prof Belmonte said: "Humans and pigs are separated by a long time in evolution."
Development in the womb is also much faster in pigs - pregnancy lasts less than four months compared with about nine in people.
"It is like a freeway with one car going much faster than another - you're more likely to have an accident," Prof Belmonte said.
He added there was a "long distance" between now and growing animals with human organs - such as a heart, pancreas or liver, that can be transplanted.
However, in the meantime the Salk researchers argue that making chimeras with more human tissue could be useful for:
screening drugs before human trials
studying the onset of human diseases
understanding the earliest stages of human embryo development.
explaining differences between organs in different species
Dr Jun Wu, part of the research team, told the BBC: "[Getting the efficiency] in the range of 0.1% to 1% human cells should be enough.
"Even at this early stage [28-days], billions of cells in the embryo would have millions of human cells, then testing would be meaningful and practical."
There was no evidence that human cells were integrating into the early form of brain tissue.
Organ breakthrough
On Wednesday, a study in the journal Nature showed how organs could be grown in one species for use in another: by making some room.
Rats were genetically modified so they could not produce a pancreas - the organ crucial for controlling blood sugar levels.
Mouse stem cells were injected in the deficient rat embryos, promptly took advantage of the missing pancreas and grew a mouse one there instead.
This was then transplanted back into mice to treat diabetes.
The work to try this in humans and pigs is already under way.
Although in the long term cows look likely to be a better host for human organs as both cow and human pregnancies last about nine months.
The field is also ethically charged, the US National Institutes of Health at one point imposed a moratorium on funding the experiments.
The researchers have done only research that is legal, but they are aware of the controversy.
Prof Belmonte said: "We are restricting development to one month in the pig, the reason is this is enough for us now to understand how cells mix, differentiate and integrate.
"One possibility is to let these animals be born, but that is not something we should allow to happen at this point.
"Not everything that science can do we should do, we are not living in a niche in lab, we live with other people - and society needs to decide what can be done.
Dr Wu said: "When the public hears the world chimera it is always associated with Greek mythology, there is always this associated fear.
"But angels are chimeras, it can be a positive image and hopefully help with a worldwide shortage of organs, not create a monster."
Image caption
Chimeras are named after the fire-breathing beast of Greek mythology
Prof Bruce Whitelaw, the interim director of the Roslin Institute where Dolly the sheep was cloned, said: "This is an exciting publication.
"It clearly demonstrates that human stem cells introduced into the early pig embryo can form a human-pig chimera.
"This is the first scientific publication to achieve this result.
"This is a first in the development of chimeric animal production and paves the way for significant advances in our understanding of development in the embryo and hints towards future novel biotech applications."
Prof Robin Lovell-Badge, from the Francis Crick Institute, said: "An ability to make interspecies chimeras would be valuable in terms of providing basic understanding of species differences in embryo development and organ function.
"It would also offer the possibility of growing human tissues or organs in animals for transplants - although this is still a long way off.
"The goals of this study are therefore highly laudable."]

Facts about Human Heart

1. The “thump-thump” of a
heartbeat is the sound made by the
four valves of the heart closing.
2. The heart does the most physical work of any muscle during a lifetime. The power output of the heart ranges
from 1-5 watts. While the quadriceps can produce 100 watts for a few minutes, an output of one watt for 80
years is equal to 2.5 gigajoules.
3. The heart begins beating at four
weeks after conception and does not stop until death.
4. A newborn baby has about one
cup of blood in circulation. An adult human has about four to five quarts which the heart pumps to all the tissues and to and from the lungs in about one minute while beating 75 times.
5. The heart pumps oxygenated
blood through the aorta (the largest artery) at about 1 mile (1.6 km) per hour. By the time blood reaches the capillaries, it is moving at around 43 inches (109 cm) per hour.

Facts you should know

Hello friends and dear students here are some biological facts....
Have a look...
1. Fingernails grow four times faster than toenails
2. Right handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people
3. If you rub an onion on your foot – within 30 – 60 minutes you will be able to taste it – this is because it travels through the blood stream
4. You can’t kill yourself by holding your breath (if you hold it until you go unconscious, you begin to breath normally as soon as you do)
5. On one square inch of human skin there are 20 million microscopic creatures
6. Armadillos are the only creatures apart from men that can catch leprosy – there are known cases of armadillo to human transfers of the disease
7. A snail can sleep for 3 – 4 years – during which period it does not need food
8. Giraffes can live longer without water than camels
9. The songs of humpback whales can change dramatically from year to year, yet each whale in an oceanwide population always sings the same song as the others
10. The forces required to remove a foot from quicksand at a speed of one centimeter per second would require the same amount of force as “that needed to lift a medium-sized car.”
11. To test if a pearl is real, you can rub vinegar on it – the composition of the pearl will cause it to bubble furiously
12. Goldfish kept in a dark room turn much paler – and if it wasn’t for the color in the food they eat, they would turn completely white
13. Unlike normal bees, the Queen bee’s stinger is not barbed and can be used repeatedly without harming her
14. Quicksand doesn’t directly kill humans as it is usually not very deep at all – it is the fact that it can be incredibly difficult to remove yourself from quicksand that causes death by the environment – such as exposure.
15. Oysters can change between being female or male

Effect of Inhalers on children

This research article was published in online magazine "Science daily" on 16th july 2014
  Corticosteroid drugs that are given by inhalers to children with asthma may suppress their growth, evidence suggests. Two new systematic reviews published in The Cochrane Library focus on the effects of inhaled corticosteroid drugs (ICS) on growth rates. The authors found children's growth slowed in the first year of treatment, although the effects were minimised by using lower doses.
Inhaled corticosteroids are prescribed as first-line treatments for adults and children with persistent asthma. They are the most effective drugs for controlling
asthma and clearly reduce asthma deaths, hospital visits and the number and severity of exacerbations, and
improve quality of life. Yet, their potential effect on the growth of children is a source of worry for parents and
doctors. Worldwide, seven ICS drugs are currently available: beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone and triamcinolone. Ciclesonide, fluticasone and mometasone are newer and
supposedly safer drugs. The first systematic review focused on 25 trials involving 8,471 children up to 18 years old with mild to moderate persistent asthma. These trials tested all available
inhaled corticosteroids except triamcinolone and showed that, as a group, they suppressed growth rates when compared to placebos or non-steroidal drugs. 14 of the trials, involving
5,717 children, reported growth over a year. The average growth rate, which was around 6-9 cm per year in control groups, was reduced by about 0.5 cm in treatment groups. "The evidence we reviewed suggests that children treated daily with inhaled corticosteroids
may grow approximately half a centimetre less during the first year of treatment," said lead
author of the review, Linjie Zhang, who is based at the Faculty of Medicine at the Federal University of Rio Grande in Rio Grande, Brazil. "But this effect is less pronounced in subsequent years, is not cumulative, and seems minor compared to the known benefits of the drugs for controlling asthma and ensuring full lung growth."
In the second review, the same authors, working with two others, reviewed data from 22 trials in which children were treated with low or medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids. These trials tested different doses of all drugs except triamcinolone and flunisolide. Only
three trials followed 728 children for a year or more, with one of these trials testing three different dosing regimens. In the three trials, using lower doses of the inhaled corticosteroids, by about one puff per day, improved growth by a quarter of a centimetre at one year.
The researchers found that growth suppression varied across studies, and so they looked at
the relationship between a variety of factors and their effects on growth. Some of the
variation could be explained by the drugs used, although since this was an indirect
comparison the authors say more evidence is needed. "Conclusions about the superiority of
one drug over another should be confirmed by further trials that directly compare the drugs,"
said Zhang.
More long-term trials and trials comparing different doses are also needed, particularly in
children with more severe asthma requiring higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids, the
researchers conclude. "Only 14% of the trials we looked at monitored growth in a systematic
way for over a year. This is a matter of major concern given the importance of this topic,"
said Francine Ducharme, one of the authors of both reviews and senior author of the second
review, based at the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Montreal in Montreal,
Canada. "We recommend that the minimal effective dose be used in children with asthma
until further data on doses becomes available. Growth should be carefully documented in all
children treated with inhaled corticosteroids, as well in all future trials testing inhaled
corticosteroids in children."

Ebola.....The threat

Replication of Ebola Virus published in "MICROBIOLOGY INFO AND NOTES"
Nov 23rd, 2014 Edition·
Replication of Ebola Virus
Ebola Virus do not replicate through any kind of cell
division; rather, they use a combination of host and
virally encoded enzymes, alongside host cell
structures, to produce multiple copies of viruses.
These then self-assemble into viral macromolecular
structures in the host cell. The virus completes a set
of steps when infecting each individual cell.
Following are the steps during the replication of
Ebola Virus :
1. Attachment
First of all, there is attachment of virus to host
receptors through GP glycoprotein which is
endocytosed into vesicles in the host cell. Host DC-
SIGN and DC-SIGNR play a role in virion attachment.
2. Viral Entry (Penetration)
The virion enters early endosomes by
Macropinocytosis or clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
A. Macropinocytosis
In this process, ruffled segments of the host’s
plasma membrane protrude outward from the cell and
form invaginations where the virus utilizes
glycoproteins in order to attach to the surface of the
plasma membrane. Macropinocytosis is a process in
which the Eukaryotic host cells form
macropinosomes, segments of plasma membranes
that extend out from the cell approximately 0.2-10
µm, in order to incorporate the virus into the cell. The
formation of macropinosomes occurs spontaneously,
as a result of the activation of various growth factors,
or simultaneously with the intake of cellular
molecules or extracellular fluid.
B. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the other means by
which Ebolavirus enters the host cell. This process is
very similar to macropinocytosis in that the plasma
membrane forms invaginations that engulf the cell.
However, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is different
in that proteins on the surface of the host’s surface,
and in particular clathrin, facilitate the attachment of
the virus to the host’s cell surface. Glycoproteins are
still used to attach the virus to the cell surface, and
the NP-C1 cholesterol transporter still facilitates the
fusion of the virus with endosomes and lysosomes
and still allows the virus to escape into the
cytoplasm. Without the NPC1 cholesterol transporter,
Ebolavirus cannot leave the vesicle in order to
replicate and cause infection in other cells.
To penetrate the cell, the viral membrane fuses with
vesicle membrane, and the nucleocapsid is released
into the cytoplasm.
In some culture cells, GP glycoprotein can be
processed by host Cathepsin L andCathepsin B into
19kDa GP1. But this processing is not happening in
all cells or for all ebolavirus. 19kDA GP1 interacts
with host NPC1, which is highly expressed in
dendritic cells.
Fusion of virus membrane with the vesicle
membrane is triggered by either low pH orNPC1
binding.
3. Sequential Transcription
During transcription, the RNA genome is transcribed
into seven monocistronic mRNAs whose length is
determined by highly conserved start and stop
signals.
The transcription process begins with the binding of
the polymerase complex to a single binding site
located within the leader region of the genome. The
complex then slides along the RNA template and
sequentially transcribes the individual genes in their
3’ to 5’ order. Encapsidated, negative-sense genomic
ssRNA is used as a template for the synthesis (3′-5′)
of polyadenylated, monocistronic mRNAs and, using
the host cell’s ribosomes, tRNA molecules, etc., the
mRNA is translated into individual viral proteins.
4. Replication
As viral protein levels rise, a switch occurs from
translation to replication. Using the negative-sense
genomic RNA as a template, a complementary
+ssRNA is synthesized; this is then used as a
template for the synthesis of new genomic (-)ssRNA,
which is rapidly encapsidated
Replication presumably starts when enough
nucleoprotein is present to encapsidate neo-
synthetized antigenomes and genomes.
5. Budding
The newly formed nucleocapsids and envelope
proteins associate at the host cell’s plasma
membrane; budding occurs, destroying the cell.
These viruses recruit components of the cellular
ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for
transport) system to mediate host-assisted viral
budding. SCRT complexes are normally used by the
cell for biological functions involving membrane
remodeling, such as intraluminal vesicle formation,
autophagy or terminal stages of cytokinesis. The
ESCRT family consists of ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I,
ESCRT-II which are primarily involved in cargo
sorting and membrane deformation, and ESCRT-III
which cleaves the bud neck from its cytosolic face . In
the last step, vps4 disassembles the complex. The
budding reaction catalyzed by the ESCRT machinery
has reversed topology when compared with most
other budding processes in the cell, such as
endocytosis and formation of transport vesicles.
6. Release
Finally, the virion is released.

A word of applause

My heartiest  congratulations to all the class X and class XII pass out students of JKBOSE. i would like to congratulate all the private as well as government run  schools for their efforts in the regard. Moreover it is to be noted here that students faced a lot of problems during the unrest. Despite the unrest, curfew and strikes they made it. 

 simultaneously I express my grief and condolence for those students who lost their eyes, or even life due to the brutal actions of armed forces. lets be optimistic for our future generations.